Pattern of Leukaemias in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A 5 Years Retrospective Study of 103 Cases.

Objective: To study the distribution of various types of leukaemia in the RIMS Hospital in terms of types, age, sex and among various ethnic groups. Material and Method: It’s a retrospective study carried out in the department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital over a five years period between November 2006 and October 2011. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood count, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination for morphology along with cytochemistry study whenever required. FAB classification is followed in the study. SPSS software package, version 16, was used for statistical analysis. Result: Out of total 103 cases, 49cases (47.6%) were children and adolescents and 54 cases (52.4%) were adults. Age range was 9 months to 79 years with a mean age of 31.2 years. Among the children and adolescents, 30 cases were males and 18 cases were females (M: F ratio 1.7:1). In the adults 34 cases were males and 21 cases were females with M: F ratio 1.6:1. Overall male female ratios was 1.6:1. Out of 103 cases, 85.4% were of of acute leukaemia and rest were chronic leukaemia (14.6%). Acute leukaemia was the most common leukaemia in all age groups. Of all leukaemia cases reported, maximum cases were of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukaemia in the children (60.7%) and adolescents (52.3%). AML (66.7%) is the most common acute leukaemia in adults. Among ALL, L2 is the most common variant (82.3%) and in AML, M3 is the most common (38.8%). Chronic leukaemia was more common in adult (80%) than children and adolescents. Out of total 12 cases of the chronic leukaemia reported in adults, 10 were of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 2 were chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The maximum cases of leukaemia were among Meitei community (64%) followed by tribal community (28%) and minimum in Muslims (8%). Conclusion: In this study, acute leukaemia was the most common leukaemia in all age groups. Of all leukaemia cases reported, maximum cases were of AML and minimum cases were of CLL. Chronic leukaemia was more common in adult. In children, majority of cases were ALL and chronic leukaemia was rare. Leukaemias were more common in males. Meitei community was affected the most.

Cytodiagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma--a study of 37 cases at RIMS Hospital, Imphal.

Papillary carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of thyroid gland which can occur in any age group with most tumours diagnosed in the third and fifth decades predominantly in the females. FNAC is emerging as the first line of investigation for any thyroid enlargement including tumours as a safe, rapid and cost -effective procedure. Many studies have reported diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in detecting neoplasms. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in the cytodiagnosis of papillary carcinoma and to highlight the clinco-pathologic correlation. A total of 37 cases were diagnose cytologically as papillary carcinoma, out ofwhich 28 cases were histologically proved. The remaining 9 cases were not available for biopsy. It was observed that careful cytomorphologic assessment with particular attention to cellular arrangement and nuclear characteristics aided in the correct diagnosis.

Post-irradiation carcinosarcoma of uterus--a case report.

The carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed mullerian tumour) of uterus is an aggressive neoplasm composing of malignant glands in the malignant stroma showing biphasic appearance. A 55 year old woman presented with discharge per vaginum of one month duration. Earlier she was given radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, six years back. Abdominal examination was insignificant. USG suggested presence of post-radiation effect with uterine mass. Panhysterectomy was done and on histopathology, the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma (heterologous variant) was made. The case is being reported and discussed.